Part.1
论文简介
日期:2024年3月21日
单位与作者:
中国药科大学 Xu-Yi Li、Su-Su Tang(通讯作者 音译 唐苏苏)、Hao Hong(通讯作者 音译 洪浩)
杭州市第七人民医院 Hao Wang(通讯作者 音译 王浩)
期刊:Neuron
Part.2
图像重复问题
Vassileva et al. Targeted deletion of Gpbar1 protects mice from cholesterol gallstone formation. Biochem J, 2006. This study provides TGR5 mRNA expression in the mouse brain.
Maruyama T et al. Targeted disruption of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (Gpbar1/M-Bar) in mice. J Endocrinol, 2006. This study provides TGR5 mRNA expression in mouse brains.
Doignon I et al. Immediate neuroendocrine signaling after partial hepatectomy through acute portal hyperpressure and cholestasis. J Hepatol, 2011. This study has indicated that TGR5 is expressed in the hypothalamus of mice.
Castellanos-Jankiewicz et al. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metabolism, 2021. This study provides valuable insights into the role of TGR5 in hypothalamic functions of mice, particularly its potential role in guarding against obesity.
Perino A. et al. Central anorexigenic actions of bile acids are mediated by TGR5. Nature Metabolism, 2021. This study provides brain expression profiling with RNAscope imaging, revealing that endogenous Gpbar1 mRNA is expressed in different brain regions of mice, including the arcuate nucleus, and highlighting the central actions of bile acids mediated by TGR5 in influencing satiety and appetite regulation in mice.
Zhang Y et al., GPBAR1 preserves neurite and synapse of dopaminergic neurons via RAD21-OPCML signaling: Role in preventing Parkinson's disease in mouse model and human patients. Pharmacol Res, 2022. This work parallels the neuroprotective potential of TGR5, as seen in the context of Parkinson's disease.
Li C et al., "TGR5 deficiency in excitatory neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology by regulating APP processing," Science Advances, 2024, indicating the neuroprotective role of TGR5 in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. These published papers indicate that, apart from us, the studies from at least 7 laboratories worldwide have demonstrated the expression and functional role of TGR5 in the mouse brain. (D) Further Research: We recognize that science is an evolving field and are open to further investigation into the expression of TGR5 in the brain. We are willing to collaborate with you and other researchers to explore this matter more deeply. (E) Open Discussion: We welcome all forms of discussion and criticism as they are instrumental in the advancement of science. We are open to hearing different perspectives and are willing to revise our conclusions in light of new evidence.
Castellanos-Jankiewicz, A., Guzmán-Quevedo, O., Fénelon, V.S., et al. Hypothalamic bile acid-TGR5 signaling protects from obesity. Cell Metab 2021, 33 (7), 1483-1492 e1410.
Perino, A., Velázquez-Villegas, L.A., Bresciani, N., et al. Central anorexigenic actions of bile acids are mediated by TGR5. Nat Metab 2021, 3 (5), 595-603.
Li, C., Wang, L., Xie, W., et al. TGR5 deficiency in excitatory neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology by regulating APP processing. Sci Adv 2024, 10 (26), eado1855.
Reddy, I.A., Smith, N.K., Erreger, K., et al. Bile diversion, a bariatric surgery, and bile acid signaling reduce central cocaine reward. PLoS Biol 2018, 16 (7), e2006682.
Keitel V, G?rg B, Bidmon HJ, Zemtsova I, Spomer L, Zilles K, H?ussinger D The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar-1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia. 2010 Nov 15;58(15):1794-805.
Vassileva, G., Golovko, A., Markowitz, L., et al. Targeted deletion of Gpbar1 protects mice from cholesterol gallstone formation. Biochem J 2006, 398 (3), 423-430.
Maruyama, T., Tanaka, K., Suzuki, J., et al. Targeted disruption of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (Gpbar1/M-Bar) in mice. J Endocrinol 2006, 191 (1), 197-205.
Doignon, I., Julien, B., Serrière-Lanneau, V., et al. Immediate neuroendocrine signaling after partial hepatectomy through acute portal hyperpressure and cholestasis. J Hepatol 2011, 54 (3), 481-488.
McMillin, M., Frampton, G., Tobin, R., et al. TGR5 signaling reduces neuroinflammation during hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem 2015, 135 (3), 565-576.
Yanguas-Casás, N., Barreda-Manso, M.A., Nieto-Sampedro, M. & Romero-Ramírez, L. TUDCA: An Agonist of the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1/TGR5 With Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Microglial Cells. J Cell Physiol 2017, 232 (8), 2231-2245.
Huang, R., Gao, Y., Chen, J., et al. TGR5 Agonist INT-777 Alleviates Inflammatory Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics in Microglia. Neuroscience 2022, 490, 100-119.
Romero-Ramírez L, Mey J.Emerging Roles of Bile Acids and TGR5 in the Central Nervous System: Molecular Functions and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;27;25(17):9279
Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Peng, H., et al. Decoding TGR5: A comprehensive review of its impact on cerebral diseases. Pharmacol Res 2025, 213, 107671. 14 Darmanto, A.G., Yen, T.L., Jan, J.S., et al. Beyond metabolic messengers: Bile acids and TGR5 as pharmacotherapeutic intervention for psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res 2025, 211, 107564.
Romero-Ramírez, L. & Mey, J. Emerging Roles of Bile Acids and TGR5 in the Central Nervous System: Molecular Functions and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024,25(17):9279.
Li, Y., Gao, Y.N., Zhu, Y.B., et al. Taurocholic acid ameliorates hypertension through the activation of TGR5 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Food Funct 2024, 15 (9), 5088-5102.
Chen, S., Shao, Q., Chen, J., et al. Bile acid signalling and its role in anxiety disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023, 14, 1268865.
Xu N, He Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Wei Y, Feng J. TGR5 signalling in heart and brain injuries: focus on metabolic and ischaemic mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis. 2024 ;192:106428.
Zhang F, Deng Y, Wang H, Fu J, Wu G, Duan Z, Zhang X, Cai Y, Zhou H, Yin J, He Y. Gut microbiota-mediated ursodeoxycholic acids regulate the inflammation of microglia through TGR5 signaling after MCAO. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Jan;115:667-679.
Zizzari, P., Castellanos-Jankiewicz, A., Yagoub, S., et al. TGR5 receptors in SF1-expressing neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus regulate glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2025, 91, 102071.
…… Anyway, if you are interested in TGR5, please take some time to read about the research progress related to central TGR5. All of these studies contradict the existing genomic database test results. Are you implying that the conclusions of these articles regarding TGR5 expression in the mice brain are incorrect? If these research findings are right, could you please ask why the public genomic databases fail to detect TGR5 in the mouse brain? Thank you again for your interest!
参考文献 2(Reddy et al.)并没有证明 TGR5 在大脑中的内源性表达,而是在基因敲除模型中显示了病毒诱导的 TGR5。
参考文献 6(Vassileva)提供的证据显示大脑中没有 TGR5 mRNA。
针对 GPCR 的抗体通常是非特异性的(如 PMID: 19172248 中所强调的)。此外,针对 TGR5 的抗体尚未经过充分验证,因此使用这些抗 TGR5 抗体获得的数据应谨慎解读。
参考文献 8(Doignon et al.)等采用 40 个循环的 RT-PCR 方法进行的研究存在假阳性的风险。
基因组数据库也显示大脑中 TGR5 的表达不一致
参考信息: